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![]() ![]() Specifically, a multitude of apps have been developed to assist patients in the management of diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2. 5.Within the health care sector, apps are supporting the management of illnesses, thereby promoting health awareness and well-being. Ease of UseThe Google Account Manager APK is very useful and easy to use application for Android devices. Our review aimed to provide an overview of the number of newly released apps, range of functions, target user groups, languages, acquisition costs, popularity/user ratings, the ability to connect to measurement devices, and the connection between acquisition costs and user ratings.Diabetes prevalence increases with age. The high self-therapy potential certainly has a major influence on the high number of currently available apps.We carried out a systematic review of all currently available diabetes apps for the operating systems iOS and Android, between February 2013 and April 2013. In 2012, 371 million people between the ages of 20 and 79 suffered from diabetes worldwide and this number is estimated to increase to 552 million people by 2030. One reason for the large number of diabetes apps is the high and steadily increasing diabetes prevalence, especially among people older than 50 years. The ability, however, to sort the results according to individual needs is lacking. Inhibition thresholds and entry barriers are therefore particularly pronounced among this age group. Their experiences in handling mobile devices and apps are frequently limited. As one possible reason, Holzinger et al and Mallenius et al have pointed out the insufficient consideration of usability requirements of the elderly. However, several studies have shown a lack of acceptance and a subpar use of innovative mobile technologies among this age group. They differ from the review presented here in several ways: they considered a broader range of health care applications, they were restricted to one operating system, they reviewed solely the offered functionalities, or they were done more than one year ago. Therewith, we examined to what extent existing diabetes applications serve the usability requirements of diabetes patients aged 50 or older.Until now, just a few reviews of diabetes apps had been conducted. Hence, this age group would benefit from apps that consider their specific usability requirements.In order to better assess and quantify usability for the elderly, we carried out an expert-based usability evaluation based on a representative 10% sample of diabetes apps available as of April 2013. Every hit was reviewed in terms of its relevance and explicit link to diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we chose the following German and English keywords, directly related to diabetes mellitus: Diabetes, Blood Sugar/Blutzucker, Glucose/Glukose. We focused exclusively on diabetes apps available in English and German.As a first step, we identified keywords to ensure that every relevant diabetes app was detected. The analysis was carried out using the Apple App Store for iOS apps and the Google Play Store for Android apps. To our knowledge, just one article has been published that links a diabetes app review with a formative usability evaluation , but their evaluation is limited to Android apps and gives no special consideration to the requirements of elderly diabetes patients as we do.Our review focused on the leading operating systems for mobile devices, iOS and Android. Especially, formative usability evaluations of health apps are rare. Google Account Manager For Android 44.4 Free Or CheaperDuring the survey period, a sorting function was only available for the iPad, so the whole iOS app survey was performed via the iPad.For the analysis, we chose the subcategories “Health and Fitness” and “Medicine”. The results can additionally be sorted by relevance, popularity, user rating, and date of release. In contrast to the Google Play Store, the Apple App Store offers several options for filtering the search results by choosing thematic subcategories. The basis for the systematic and comparative market analysis was defined by categories and respective subcategories/specifications outlined in Table 1.Date of release/date of latest update (the acquisition of the release date was only possible for iOS apps for Android apps, only the date of the latest update could be recorded)App exclusively for the iOS operating systemApp exclusively for the Android operating systemAvailability as “lite” version (paid apps sometimes offer free or cheaper lite versions with limited functionality)Range of functions (multiple selection possible)Availability of an interface/connectivity to an external sensor(s)/deviceSearch and Screening Strategy for iOS AppsThe analysis of iOS apps was conducted using the information available in the Apple App Store. All apps with an explicit link to diabetes mellitus were included in the analysis. In the Google Play Store, no admission requirements currently exist for newly developed apps, whereas iOS apps are first internally reviewed by an app review board. The market analysis of diabetes apps for iOS resulted in 390 hits.To examine the usability of currently available diabetes applications for the elderly, we performed an expert-based usability evaluation. Additionally, we verified whether the app was offered exclusively for the operating system iOS or also for Android. The number of hits given by the Apple App Store corresponded exactly to the number of relevant apps.We checked every app hit with regard to its availability for iPad and iPhone. The date of release served as an objective characteristic, which was necessary for a reliable and reproducible acquisition of all diabetes apps. In addition, they had specific expertise in the field of diabetes and diabetes management. They were chosen due to their comprehensive experience in handling and testing mobile devices and applications with regard to usability for the elderly and operability of accessibility features. The evaluation was performed by three independent experts, as suggested by Nielsen and Barnum. The sample was chosen on a random basis. Due to the high number of apps available for review, the usability evaluation was based on a representative 10% sample of existing diabetes apps as of April 2013. We performed a summative evaluation as we exclusively included apps whose development was already finished. Download adobe xd for free on macThe authors of this article were not involved in the usability evaluation for reasons of independence.The basis for the usability evaluation was defined by a specially created set of usability criteria considering interaction processes, interface design, and comprehensibility of content ( Table 2).
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